Concept

Heart-rate reserve

The difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate. It is used to create training ranges that reflect both ends of an individual's heart-rate response.

How it is calculated

Subtract resting heart rate from maximum heart rate. A target intensity is calculated as a percentage of that reserve, then resting heart rate is added back.

Why it can be useful

Two runners with the same maximum but different resting heart rates may receive different working ranges, making the method more individualized than maximum-heart-rate percentage alone.

What limits it

The result is only as good as the maximum and resting values entered. Daily resting heart rate also changes with sleep, stress, illness, and measurement conditions.

How to use it

Use a multi-day resting-heart-rate trend and a credible maximum estimate, then confirm the range with breathing, effort, and recovery.

Common misconception

Heart-rate-reserve zones are not automatically correct just because the formula uses more inputs.